Semantic Priming and Verbal Learning in Current Opiate Users, Ex-users and Controls

..........................................................................................................................................8 1. In troduction..............................................................................................................................9 2. Models of Drug Dependence................................................................................................10 2.1 Conditioning Models.............................................................................................................10 2.2 Tiffany’s Cognitive Model...................................................................................................12 2.3 Robinson and Berridge's Incentive-Sensitization Model................................................ 12 3. Addiction and M em ory........................................................................................................13 3.1 Volkow, Fowler and Wang’s Model..................................................................................14 3.2 Addiction Research.............................................................................................................. 17 4. Long Term M em ory............................................................................................................. 19 4.1 Declarative and Procedural Memory..................................................................................19 4.2 Episodic and Semantic Memory........................................................................................ 20 5. Memory Biases in Addiction..............................................................................................21 5.1 Semantic Memory Biases in Addiction............................................................................. 22 5.1.1 Semantic Memory Biases in Alcohol Users...................................................................24 5.1.2 Semantic Memory Biases in Marijuana Users............................................................26 5.1.3 Semantic Memory Biases in Opiate Users....................................................................27 5.1.4 Implications o f Findings on Semantic Memory Biases in Addiction.........................29 5.2 Episodic Memory Biases in Addiction.............................................................................30 6. Implications for F urther Research...................................................................................32 7. References.............................................................................................................................. 36